![]() In 1948, Leary, then a UC Berkeley graduate student, attended the yearly convention of the left-wing American Veterans' Council in Milwaukee. Leary (and his longtime associate, psychologist Richard Alpert) matured professionally in a CIA-funded research world. The first underground LSD labs were actually set up by the FBI in 1963 in both New York City and San Francisco. This sweeping history of espionage and intelligence will be a welcomed by practitioners, students, and scholars of security studies, international affairs, and intelligence, as well as general audiences interested in the evolution of espionage and technology.Research Mind-Control Mind Control Notes A The world changes intelligence and intelligence changes the world. Throughout, the book examines how states and other entities use intelligence to create, exploit, and protect secret advantages against others, and emphasizes how technological advancement and ideological competition drive intelligence, improving its techniques and creating a need for intelligence and counterintelligence activities to serve and protect policymakers and commanders. He brings this history up to the present day as intelligence agencies used the struggle against terrorism and the digital revolution to improve capabilities in the 2000s. Historian Michael Warner addresses the birth of professional intelligence in Europe at the beginning of the twentieth century and the subsequent rise of US intelligence during the Cold War. Today, larger states have lost their monopoly on intelligence skills and capabilities as technological and sociopolitical changes have made it possible for private organizations and even individuals to unearth secrets and influence global events. During the Cold War, only the alliances clustered around the two superpowers maintained viable intelligence endeavors, whereas a century ago, many states could aspire to be competitive at these dark arts. This sweeping history of the development of professional, institutionalized intelligence examines the implications of the fall of the state monopoly on espionage today and beyond. This examination of the intersections between the APA and the DoD, situated in mid- twentieth-century science journalism at the New York Times, sheds important light on how the public was informed and left ignorant about taxpayer-funded science during the midst of the Cold War. These developments are aligned with concurrent activities in American Psychological Association, namely their public relations work, support from the Department of Defense, and examples of APA- affiliated Cold War-related research projects in psychological warfare. After brief discussions of the history of science journalism, the history of government support for psychological research, the government framework for scientific support, and public interest in science during the early part of the Cold War, this thesis examines the development of science news at the New York Times that culminated in the November 1978 introduction of the Science Times section on Tuesdays and the slow rise in stature of psychology and behavioral science coverage throughout the 1960s and 1970s. The thesis is organized chronologically, with a chapter each for the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s. To address this concern, this thesis draws upon an important and hereto neglected body of sources, including many internal documents from the New York Times Company in the period leading up to the initiation of the Science Times section in 1978, and documents from the APA about mass media communications. Despite the importance of newspaper coverage to the public understanding of science, relatively little is known about the intersection between how science news developed at the New York Times and how behavioral sciences like psychology were considered and covered in this post-Atomic bomb, pre- computer time period. ![]() The subject of how science newspaper coverage developed contributes a significantly to our understanding of the public understanding of science during the Cold War.
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